Integrative review of violence against LGBTQI population in Brazil
Regardless of recent achievements of LGBTQI agenda such as recognition of same-sex marriage, Brazil is still pointed out as the world leading country in violence against LGBTQI population. In this perspective, an integrative review was performed in the databases EBSCO, Mendley, PubMed, and Scielo using the keywords 'LGBT', 'violence', 'homophobia', 'transphobia'. The search returned 112 articles of which 19 articles were included in this study after applying the excluding criteria. Articles included in the category Review of Education revealed that homophobia impacts negatively on school commitment many times leading LGBTQI students to quit school. Supportive teachers can have a positive effect to students who experience homophobic violence, therefore, gender and sexual diversity need to be included into bachelors of education or teaching training. The category legislation and policies pointed out that the judiciary power is responsible for some of the current achievements, the executive power has addressed some policies but these policies have been facing many barriers, and the legislative power is acting as one of these barriers mainly because of its religious front. The category Review of Sexuality Issues revealed that the transvestite population faces physical e verbal aggression constantly, and have poor networks of support, a situation that enhances vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. The articles of this category also pointed the need of more studies measuring intra-familiar homophobia, and intimate partner violence. The studies have also shown that Catholics, historical Protestants and Pentecostals a more likely to disapprove homosexuality when compared to religious nones and followers of Spiritist traditions, and LGBTQI people linked to African-Brazilian religions are more vulnerable to violence due to their faith and sexual orientation. Studies taking account of social markers, quantifying the violence, and measuring effectiveness of policies are some of the gaps that need to be addressed in future research.